Richard k kerckhoff outsiders studies in the sociology of deviance by howard s becker new york the free press of glencoe 1963 179 pp 500 social for. Becker h s 1963 outsiders studies in the sociology of deviance free press glencoe abstract a sociological model of deviant behavior is proposed deviancy is considered a consequence of social groups applying rules whose infraction constitutes deviance. In general the author places deviance in perspective identifies types of deviant behavior considers the role of rule makers and enforcers and some of the problems in studying deviance in addition he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. Howard beckers outsiders broke new ground in the early 1960s arguing that social deviance is a more common phenomenon that perceived and that conventional wisdom that social deviants are pathological is incorrect